12/11/2023 0 Comments Timbuktu manuscripts pdf![]() ![]() Browse through the World Heritage Review 2017, no.Read the UNESCO news item Reconstruction of Timbuktu mausoleums nears completion.Read the 2021 news item Mali and UNESCO receive symbolic reparation on behalf of international community for destruction of Timbuktu’s mausoleums.HERITAGE2020 (3DPast | RISK-Terra) International Conference, Sep 2020, Valencia, Spain Lessons learnt from the reconstruction of the destroyed mausoleums of Timbuktu, Mali. Read Thierry Joffroy, El-Boukhari Ben Essayouti.They are now equipped with the necessary skills to build and maintain the invaluable earthen architecture of the city, including mausoleums, mosques and other historic buildings. Finally, the reconstruction project has resulted in the training of about 40 younger masons in traditional construction techniques. Second, the project has been able to document oral traditions, beliefs and practices associated with this heritage. Materials, construction systems and maintenance requirements of traditional earthen architecture have been studied and documented, forming an important asset for the future. First, the reconstruction process was understood as an opportunity to document the earthen architecture of Timbuktu. ![]() The project adopted a holistic approach that considered both the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of Timbuktu. With the support of numerous technical and financial partners, the programme implemented by UNESCO succeeded in rebuilding the mausoleums through a communal effort, reopening them to the public three years after their destruction. Consequently, UNESCO trained MINUSMA peacekeeping personnel from Africa and Europe in recognising cultural heritage and applying relevant international laws. The Resolution recognised, for the first time, cultural heritage protection as an integral part of peacekeeping efforts. The project was funded by the Government of Mali and UNESCO with contributions from the European Union, Switzerland, Andorra, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Croatia and Mauritius, as well as logistical support from the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA).įollowing the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 2100 (2013), the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) collaborated with UNESCO to ensure the protection of Mali’s cultural heritage sites. The reconstruction was carried out by the local corporation of traditional masons under the supervision of the Cultural Mission, the management office of the site, the National Directorate for Cultural Heritage, the mausoleums’ managers and the Management Committees of the mosques of Djingareyber, Sidi Yahia and Sankoré. A team of local and international UNESCO experts worked in cooperation with community and religious leaders, national and military authorities, as well as the local population responsible for the safekeeping of cultural heritage in Timbuktu. In the immediate aftermath of the destruction of the monuments, and upon request from the Malian government, UNESCO and France defined an action plan to rehabilitate the city’s damaged cultural heritage and ancient manuscripts. Reconstruction and restoration of the Timbuktu mausoleums In 2016, the International Criminal Court convicted Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi for directing the attacks that destroyed the monuments. An estimated 4,203 manuscripts from the Institute of Higher Islamic Studies and Research Ahmed Baba (IHERI-ABT) were burnt or stolen by armed groups. Attacks also targeted the Al Farouk monument, which was completely destroyed. In 2012, several buildings in Timbuktu, including 14 of the 16 mausoleums which form part of the World Heritage site, were destroyed within the context of armed conflict and civil unrest. The 2019 State of Conservation Report highlighted that the property is affected by deliberate destruction of heritage, lack of functioning management systems and war. The site was inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger between 19, and once again in 2012, when the site was occupied by armed groups. Although continuously restored, these monuments are today under threat from desertification, management issues, especially concerning the involvement of the local communities, and lack of resources for site management and maintenance. Its three great mosques, Djingareyber, Sankore and Sidi Yahia, recall Timbuktu's golden age. ![]() Timbuktu was inscribed on the World Heritage list in 1988 under criteria (ii), (iv) and (v) due to its outstanding universal value as an African intellectual and spiritual capital in the 15th and 16th centuries. ![]()
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